By Gene Kitts, Senior Vice President-Mining Services, International Coal Group, Inc.
Why do we surface mine in Central Appalachia? It’s certainly not because we like the public attention and we really don’t enjoy the struggles with regulatory agencies, the years of permitting delays and the seemingly endless litigation. The fundamental answer is that coal is surface mined because that is the method necessary to recover the resource.
Starting with the basics
Why do we surface mine a coal seam or group of seams instead of deep mining that reserve? The answer is generally determined by geology and topography. However, in many cases the coal reserve has been previously deep-mined and surface mining recovers what was left. Surface mining through abandoned deep mines, recovering the blocks of coal that were left decades ago, is relatively common. Contour mining along the outer boundary of old deep mines has been a widespread practice for years. The advent of the highwall miner, which is a more productive successor to a coal auger, has encouraged this trend. Back to geology and topography – how do these factors determine whether a seam is surface mined or deep mined?