The U. S. District Court for the District of Columbia (court) ruled on Oct. 6 in National Mining Association v. Jackson that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) unlawfully changed the permitting process for Clean Water Act (CWA) § 404 permits for coal mines. The court sided with the State of West Virginia and the National Mining Association (NMA) in challenging EPA and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) actions that unlawfully obstructed the issuance of CWA permits and created a de facto moratorium on surface and underground coal mining within the Central Appalachian region and beyond. Apart from striking down a significant obstacle, EPA injected into the CWA § 404 permitting process, this decision should provide a valuable precedent to deter federal agencies from using informal guidance to alter regulatory procedures and impose new requirements.