We have previously reported the Carbon conversion expertise demonstrated by Exxon scientist Rocco Fiato.
Herein, we find that he, and some Exxon co-workers, describe a process wherein Carbon Dioxide can be utilized as the primary constituent of hydrocarbon synthesis gas, and be directly catalyzed and condensed into a variety of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons.
Interestingly, though not reflected in our excerpts, but as available via the link, Exxon reveals and documents, in the course of their full Disclosure, a great deal of prior Carbon Dioxide recycling art, some of which we have previously reported to you.
They summarize their review of that prior art with the following statement:
"As can be seen, the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to produce hydrocarbons of various types is known."
Exxon's research team also notes, however, that "much of the hydrocarbon ... was in the form of methane".
In similar fashion, it would seem, to the long-known Carbon Dioxide-recycling Sabatier process, now being employed aboard the International Space Station; and, being further developed by NASA to manufacture rocket fuel out of the primarily Carbon Dioxide atmosphere on the planet Mars - all as we have previously documented for you.
And, although, again as we have documented, technologies have existed since immediately after WWII, that would enable the reaction of such CO2-derived Methane with even more Carbon Dioxide, in "tri-reforming" and "bi-reforming" processes, such as being further developed more recently by Penn State University, and, through such reactions, result in the production of liquid hydrocarbons, Exxon posits herein, with US Government certification of the fact, that CO2 can instead be directly condensed into higher hydrocarbons.
One statement, excerpted as a foreword, emphasizes that fact, as in:
"The present invention directly hydrogenates CO2 affording unexpectedly high amounts of C2 -C20 olefins."
Those could be made to include, we submit, hydrocarbons in the liquid fuel, including Gasoline, range; although the "C2" hydrocarbons would consist, according to web-based sources, of such useful gaseous compounds as acetylene, ethylene and ethane; and, blends of C9-C20 hydrocarbons are the primary constituents of Diesel fuels.
Brief further comment follows more extended excerpts from:
"US Patent 5,140,049 - Method for Producing Olefins from H2 and CO2
Date: August, 1992
Inventor: Rocco Fiato, et. al., NJ
Assignee: Exxon Research and Engineering Company, NJ
Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing C2 -C20 olefins from a feed stream consisting of H2 and CO2 using an iron-carbide based catalyst.
Claims: A slurry process for directly converting CO2 to C2 - C20 comprising contacting a feed stream containing CO2 and H2 and substantially free of CO, with a slurry catalyst selected from iron base carbided catalysts (and) wherein the contacting is conducted at elevated temperatures and pressures and in a single pass, for a time sufficient to produce and recover C2 -C20 olefins.
A process for directly producing C2 -C20 olefins in a single pass from a feed stream consisting essentially of CO2 and H2 comprising the steps of contacting the feed stream with cobalt, potassium and an iron-carbide based slurry catalyst ... .
The process ... wherein the pressure is 75 psig. (and) wherein the catalyst additionally contains copper.
Background and Field: This invention relates to a process for producing olefins from hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) by using an iron-carbide based catalyst.
The increasing demand for energy has led to renewed interest in non-traditional sources of feedstocks. For instance, coal was used as a source for gaseous fuel ("town gas") during earlier parts of this century. Much work was done at that time to produce higher molecular weight hydrocarbons from the synthesis gas. That work, involving carbon monoxide (CO) hydrogenation chemistry, was revived by Germany during World War II and currently enjoys moderate use at the SASOL plants in South Africa.
(The) catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to produce hydrocarbons of various types is known. However, much of the hydrocarbon made was in the form of methane. (Others have discussed) a process for producing hydrocarbons using iron-copper supported catalysts.
The present invention directly hydrogenates CO2 affording unexpectedly high amounts of C2 -C20 olefins, whereas the direct hydrogenation of CO2 was previously known to produce only CO and CH4 as primary products. (And, it) is a nonrecirculating process for producing C2 - C20 olefins from a gaseous mixture containing H2 and CO2.
(This process is one for producing C2 to C20 olefins from CO2 and H2 directly by the use of an iron-carbide based catalyst and without the use of recirculation or water removal."
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We can, thus, according to Exxon, and as confirmed by our US Government's own experts, directly synthesize "high amounts" of liquid fuel-range, and other, gaseous, hydrocarbons, from a mix of Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide.
Although free Hydrogen is required, we assert that the economical production of elemental Hydrogen is now already practiced in some oil refineries, to upgrade "heavy" crude petroleum; and, we insist that, from the cost of such Hydrogen production, must be deducted the otherwise mandated costs of such absurdities as Cap & Trade taxation of the Coal industry and it's customers; and, their economic enslavement into the service of Big Oil, and his secondary petroleum scrounging, through the mandated Oil industry subsidy of Geologic Sequestration.
As confirmed once more by the oil industry and our own US Government herein:
Carbon Dioxide, as arises in a small way, relative to natural sources of emission, such as volcanoes, from our varied and productive uses of Coal, is a valuable raw material resource.
We can reclaim Carbon Dioxide, and utilize it in the industrial synthesis of needed hydrocarbons.