Energy Citations Database (ECD) - - Document #772402
As you will see in our excerpts, or in the complete report, as available via the initial and following links, our United States Department of Energy employees, in Morgantown and Pittsburgh, used our tax money to pay a New Jersey corporation to find ways to, specifically, "optimize the liquefaction of the two Chinese coals".
And, those Coals are actually named for the Chinese corporate owner of the Coal deposits: "Shenhua".
That name might not be unfamiliar, if you followed some of our earlier posts concerning the cooperation between West Virginia University and China, in the development of direct Coal liquefaction technology.
Additional excerpts from the full document follow links and summaries we've excerpted from the title page, as it is available via the initial link to the US Government's information access portal:
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DOI: 10.2172/772402; Title: Direct Liquefaction Proof-Of-Concept Program; December, 1999
Authors: A. Comoli, T. Lee, J. Hu, et. al.
OSTI ID: 772402; Report Number: DE--AC22-92PC92148--04; DOE Contract: AC22-92PC92148
Organization: Morgantown, WV, and Pittsburgh, PA, Federal Energy Technology Centers
Abstract: This report presents the results of the bench-scale work ... conducted under the DOE Proof-of-Concept Option Program indirect coal liquefaction at Hydrocarbon Technologies Inc. in Lawrenceville, New Jersey. Bench Run PB-09 was conducted using two types of Chinese coal, Shenhua No.2 and Shenhua No.3, and had several goals. One goal was to study the liquefaction performance of Shenhua No.2 and Shenhua No.3 with respect to coal conversion and distillate production.
Another goal ... was to study the effect of different (catalyst) formulations and loadings. At the same time, the space velocity and the temperature ... were varied to optimize the liquefaction of the two Chinese coals.
{One specified} catalyst was very effective in the direct liquefaction of coal with nearly 92% coal conversion with Shenhua No.3 and 93% coal conversion with Shenhua No.2. "
Economics were assessed for six conditions ... using the yields and operating conditions (determined in the study).
The basis was a grass-roots liquefaction complex, feeding 12,000 tons/day of coal, at a US Gulf Coast location."
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We close our excerpts from the lengthy report here, since we are compelled to emphasize what this study documents:
Our United States Government's Department of Energy, through offices in Morgantown, WV, and Pittsburgh, PA, used our tax money to hire a New Jersey corporation to help figure out how to "optimize the liquefaction of the two Chinese coals", into substitute petroleum, at a refinery posited to exist, or to be established, on the Gulf Coast.
We have previously documented New Jersey's HRI, and their ties to the oil industry for you, as in, for one example, our report: New Jersey (!!!) Liquefies Coal | Research & Development | News; October 12, 2009; which included information concerning: Energy Citations Database (ECD) - - Document #6274529; wherein is disclosed: "'New technology concept for two-stage liquefaction of coal: conceptual commercial plant design and economics'; Abrams, L. M., et. al.; Hydrocarbon Research, Inc., , NJ; DOE/PC/60017-T2"; a report which tells us, among other things, that:
"Hydrocarbon Research, Inc. (HRI) is conducting a program for the United States Department of Energy (DOE) for evaluation of a 'New Technology' concept for Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction of coal.
The "Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction of" Chinese "coal", it would seem, to be delivered to some sort of oil refinery somewhere relatively nearer to the Gulf Coast site of British Petroleum's more recent costly adventures, than to alternative sites in, for instance, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, where the Coal wouldn't, we hazard, have to be imported - or pose any risk to beaches and marine life.
Comment concerning the - what we would take to be - obvious absurdities of US Government labs in Morgantown and Pittsburgh using our tax money to pay a New Jersey company to figure out how to more efficiently make substitute petroleum out of Coal imported from China at a Gulf Coast oil refinery, aside, we note, in closing, if any one has interest, that, the full report also indicates useful quantities of by-product synthetic natural gas were co-produced during the liquefaction of Coal into that substitute petroleum.