United States Patent Application: 0150072853
We've made numerous reports over the years documenting the development, by various entities in Saudi Arabia, of technologies wherein Carbon Dioxide, typically stated to be recovered from the exhaust gases of petrochemical plants, is converted into, that is, Carbon Dioxide is consumed in the synthesis of, a range of hydrocarbon fuels and chemicals, from fuel alcohols all the way to what seems to be a synthetic petroleum.
Our most recent report on that topic is accessible via:
Saudi Arabia February 24, 2015, CO2 to Hydrocarbon Fuel | Research & Development | News; and concerns both:
"United States Patent 8,961,829 - Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide into Syngas Mixture; February 24, 2015; Inventors: Agaddin Mamedov, et. al., Texas and Saudi Arabia; Assignee: Saudi Basic Industries Corporation, Riyadh; Abstract: The invention relates to a process of making a syngas mixture containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, comprising a step of contacting a gaseous feed mixture containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen with a catalyst, which catalyst substantially consists of Mn oxide and an oxide of at least one member selected from the group consisting of Cr, Ni, La, Ce, W, and Pt. This process enables hydrogenation of carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide with high selectivity, and good catalyst stability over time and under variations in processing conditions. The process can be applied separately, but can also be integrated with other processes, both up-stream and/or down-stream; like methane reforming or other synthesis processes for making products like alkanes, aldehydes, or alcohols"; and:
"United States Patent 8,962,702 - Mixed Oxide Based Catalyst for the Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Syngas and Method of Preparation and Use; February 24, 2015; Inventors: Aghaddin Mamedov, et. al., Texas; Assignee: Saudi Basic Industries Corporation, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst and process for making syngas mixtures including hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The process comprises contacting a gaseous feed mixture containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen with the catalyst, where the catalyst comprises Mn oxide and an auxiliary metal oxide selected from the group consisting of La, Ca, K, W, Cu, Al and mixtures or combinations thereof. The process enables hydrogenation of carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide with high selectivity, and good catalyst stability over time and under variations in processing conditions. The process can be applied separately, but can also be integrated with other processes, both up-stream and/or down-stream including methane reforming or other synthesis processes for making products like alkanes, aldehydes, or alcohols".
Another report concerning the development of Carbon Dioxide utilization technology in Saudi Arabia is accessible via:
Saudi Arabia Converts Exhaust Gas CO2 into Hydrocarbons | Research & Development | News; concerning:
"United States Patent 8,596,047 - Vehicle Electrocatalyzer for Recycling Carbon Dioxide to Fuel Hydrocarbons; December 3, 2013; Inventors: R. A. K. Shawabkeh, et. al., Saudi Arabia; Assignees: King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology".
In that report, we made reference to yet another prior report in which the links no longer functioned, and which report concerned, in part:
"United States Patent Application 20130256123 - Electrocatalyst for Electrochemical Conversion of Carbon Dioxide'; October 3, 2013; Inventors: Saleem Ur Rahman, et. al., Saudi Arabia and India; Assignees: King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology and King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals; Saudi Arabia; Abstract: An electrocatalyst for the electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to hydrocarbons is provided. The electrocatalyst for the electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide includes copper material supported on carbon nanotubes. The copper material may be pure copper, copper and ruthenium, copper and iron, or copper and palladium supported on the carbon nanotubes. The electrocatalyst is prepared by dissolving copper nitrate trihydrate in deionized water to form a salt solution. Carbon nanotubes are then added to the salt solution to form a suspension, which is then heated. A urea solution is added to the suspension to form the electrocatalyst in solution. The electrocatalyst is then removed from the solution. In addition to dissolving the copper nitrate trihydrate in the deionized water, either iron nitrate monohydrate, ruthenium chloride or palladium chloride may also be dissolved in the deionized water to form the salt solution. Claims: An electrocatalyst for electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide, comprising a copper catalyst material supported on carbon nanotubes. Background and Field: The present invention relates to electrochemical catalysts, and particularly to an electrocatalyst for the electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to hydrocarbons, such as methanol and methane".
As it happens, there is a veritable fleet of Carbon Dioxide utilization technology disclosures emanating from the above King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology and King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, and from a team of scientists led by Saleem Ur Rahman.
We're presenting two more of those technologies in this dispatch. We have made previous report of at least one of them, as in:
King Fahd and King Abdulaziz CO2 to Hydrocarbons | Research & Development | News; concerning: "US Patent Application 2014174916 - Catalytic Composition for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide; June 26, 2014; Inventors: Saleem Ur Rahman, et. al., Saudi Arabia; Assignee: King Fahd University of Petroleum and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology; Abstract: The catalytic composition for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide is a metal oxide supported by multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The metal oxide may be nickel oxide (NiO) or tin dioxide (SnO2)".
But, they have been quite recently revised and republished. Our supposition is that they are near the point of resulting in issuance of official United States Patents, and we wanted to make certain that our readers were apprised of these latest affronts to common sense and United States patriotism in the ongoing assaults both on our economically essential use of Coal in the generation of abundant and affordable electric power because of CO2 emissions and on our United States national wealth and security due to continued junkie-like dependence on OPEC hydrocarbon fuels.
Comment follows brief excerpts from the initial and one following link in this dispatch to the identically titled:
"United States Patent Application 20150072853 - Catalytic Composition for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide
March 12, 2015
Inventors: Saleem Ur Rahman, et. al., Saudi Arabia
Assignees: King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia
Abstract: The catalytic composition for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide is a metal oxide supported by multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The metal oxide may be nickel oxide (NiO) or tin dioxide (SnO2). The metal oxides form 20 wt % of the catalyst. In order to make the catalysts, a metal oxide precursor is first dissolved in deionized water to form a metal oxide precursor solution. The metal oxide precursor solution is then sonicated and the solution is impregnated in a support material composed of multi-walled carbon nanotubes to form a slurry. The slurry is then sonicated to form a homogeneous solid solution. Solids are removed from the homogeneous solid solution and dried in an oven for about 24 hours at a temperature of about 110 C. Drying is then followed by calcination in a tubular furnace under an argon atmosphere for about three hours at a temperature of 450 C.
Claims: A method of making a catalytic composition for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (as described and specified).
Background: The present invention relates to catalytic coatings for electrodes for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide, and particularly to a catalytic composition for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide that provides metal oxide catalysts for performing the reduction of carbon dioxide, where the metal oxides are supported by multi-walled carbon nanotubes"; and:
"United States Patent Application: 0150072854; United States Patent Application 20150072854 - Catalytic Composition for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide
March 12, 2015
Inventors: Saleem Ur Rahman, et. al. Saudi Arabia
Assignees: King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia
Abstract: The catalytic composition for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide is a metal oxide supported by multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The metal oxide may be nickel oxide (NiO) or tin dioxide (SnO2). The metal oxides form 20 wt % of the catalyst. In order to make the catalysts, a metal oxide precursor is first dissolved in deionized water to form a metal oxide precursor solution. The metal oxide precursor solution is then sonicated and the solution is impregnated in a support material composed of multi-walled carbon nanotubes to form a slurry. The slurry is then sonicated to form a homogeneous solid solution. Solids are removed from the homogeneous solid solution and dried in an oven for about 24 hours at a temperature of about 110 C. Drying is then followed by calcination in a tubular furnace under an argon atmosphere for about three hours at a temperature of 450 C.
Claims: A method of making a catalytic composition for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide, comprising the steps of: dissolving tin chloride (SnCl2) in deionized water to form a tin precursor solution; sonicating the tin precursor solution; impregnating the sonicated tin precursor solution in a support material comprising multi-walled carbon nanotubes to form a slurry; sonicating the slurry to form a homogeneous solid solution; removing solids from the homogenous solid solution; drying the solids; and calcining the dried solids to form the catalytic composition".
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Truth to tell, neither of these recent republications, revisions, of "United States Patent Application 20150072854 - Catalytic Composition for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide" or "United States Patent Application 20150072853 - Catalytic Composition for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide" say exactly what they intend to make via such chemical reduction of Carbon Dioxide.
As per our above-cited report concerning "United States Patent Application 20130256123 - Electrocatalyst for Electrochemical Conversion of Carbon Dioxide'; October 3, 2013; Inventors: Saleem Ur Rahman, et. al., Saudi Arabia and India; Assignees: King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology and King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals", however, it's a safe bet that they intend to be making, from Carbon Dioxide, stuff like the specified fuel alcohol "methanol and" substitute natural gas "methane".
Also as documented once or twice in our prior reports concerning Saudi Arabia's development of Carbon Dioxide utilization technologies is the fact that they intend to use renewable, environmental energy, usually solar power unsurprisingly, to drive the conversions of CO2 into, perhaps first, a hydrocarbon synthesis gas, and, then, into valuable products like "methanol and methane".
In that respect, they are mirroring developments that are thankfully taking place in the United States of America, if anyone would trouble themselves to tell us about them, like that seen in our recent report of:
The USDOE Converts More Coal Exhaust CO2 into Gasoline | Research & Development | News; concerning: "US Patent Application 20140272734 - Electrochemical Device for Syngas and Liquid Fuels Production; September 18, 2014; Inventors: Robert Braun, William Becker, and Michael Penev, CO; (United States Department of Energy National Renewable Energy Laboratory and Colorado School of Mines); Abstract: The invention relates to methods for creating high value liquid fuels such as gasoline, diesel, jet and alcohols using carbon dioxide and water as the starting raw materials and a system for using the same. These methods combine a novel solid oxide electrolytic cell (SOEC) for the efficient and clean conversion of carbon dioxide and water to hydrogen and carbon monoxide, uniquely integrated with a gas-to-liquid fuels producing method. Government Interests: This invention was made with government support under award number KXEA-3-33607-54 awarded by the National Renewable Energy Laboratories (NREL). The U.S. Government has certain rights in the invention";
wherein genuine patriots in the employ of our United States Department of Energy are showing how Carbon Dioxide, as we could recover from the exhaust gases of our economically essential Coal-based providers of abundant and affordable electric power, can be harvested and then used and consumed in electrolytic processes that, like those processes being developed in Saudi Arabia - - - aside from and in addition to those disclosed by "US Patent Application 20150072854 - Catalytic Composition for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide"; "US Patent Application 20150072853 - Catalytic Composition for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide"; and, "US Patent Application 20130256123 - Electrocatalyst for Electrochemical Conversion of Carbon Dioxide" - - - form, first, a hydrocarbon synthesis gas blend of Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen, as in the above-cited Saudi Arabia Basic Industries' "United States Patent 8,962,702 - Mixed Oxide Based Catalyst for the Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Syngas and Method of Preparation and Use"; and, then, via any one of a number of well-known catalytic chemical synthesis processes, into virtually any and all types of hydrocarbon fuels we now or might in the future otherwise need to import from OPEC.