A recently completed study by University of Florida researchers for the Georgetown University fuel cell program assessed the the future overall costs of various fuel options for fuel cell vehicles.
The primary fuel options analyzed by the study, titled “An Investigation of the Feasibility of Coal-Based Methanol for Application in Transportation Fuel Cell Systems,” were hydrogen from natural gas, hydrogen from coal, and methanol from coal.
To estimate the cost of fuels for fuel cell vehicles for the year 2020, several elements were investigated. First, the total energy demand for fuel cell vehicles in the U.S. was projected, based on recent energy trends and expected future energy demand. The study assumed that fuel cell vehicles will be introduced into the U.S. fleet gradually, and account for half of new vehicle purchases in 2020. Second, the demand, supply, and cost of the two studied feedstocks (natural gas and coal) were analyzed. Lastly, the study examined costs of the various fuel production methods, transportation, storage, and taxes.
The key finding of the hydrogen fuel cost analysis are summarized in the following comparison of the projected costs per gasoline-equivalent gallon in the year 2020 for the different sources of hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles (costs include taxes and are given in 1996 dollars):
Hydrogen (H2) Feedstock | $/gallon in 2020 (gasoline equivalent) |
H2 from Natural Gas Off-board reforming | $3.44 - $4.32 |
H2 from Coal Gasification | $3.18 |
H2 from Methanol from Coal On-board reforming | $1.77 |